Phrasal verb put in English: 15 meanings with examples

Hi folks! This article is specially written for those who like to learn new vocabulary and especially phrasal verbs. Today we will look at phrasal verbs with put. Let's look at the basic meanings, translations, example sentences and find out how many phrasal verbs with put exist in the English language. If you're ready, let's go.

We have already written in general terms about phrasal verbs earlier. We invite you to refresh your memory about them by reading this article .

Phrasal verb put aside #1

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt əˈsaɪd] / [put es`aid] – discard, forget

Meaning of the word:

Ignore or forget something for the sake of more important matters

Use:

We make sure to clarify what exactly it is, even if it’s just “it”. For example: The group was unable to put aside creative differences and broke up . Can we put aside our differences for the duration of the competition?

Examples

:

We decided to put aside this incident and continue working together. We decided to forget this incident and continue working together.

Only if we put aside all personal grudges can we be a productive team! Only if we put aside all personal grievances can we become a productive team!

Do you want to speak English? Come to our free online master class “How to make English automatic” Read more

By complicating we simplify

Studying words sometimes becomes unbearable just from the thought of endless lists of words that never end, because there is no limit to perfection. And it seems that there is no escape from this situation, only cramming. This is definitely not the case, I tell you, dear lovers of the English language!

The easiest way to learn phrasal verbs is to not be afraid of phrasal verbs. Despite all the difficulties, it is possible to remember them. The main thing is practice. Remember - to learn a verb, say out loud bright, emotional phrases with this verb, come up with unusual, maybe even funny, examples that will help you forever imprint this or that phrasal verb into your long-term memory. Or…

There is another very exciting, unusual, creative and very fun way to learn boring phrasal verbs. This method is called intelligence maps or mind maps. Mind maps are the development of Tony Buzan, a renowned writer, lecturer and consultant on intelligence, learning psychology and thinking.

But it is worth noting that these amazing mind maps are also great for solving language problems, namely, they simplify the learning of new words and their implementation in our everyday speech. Sometimes, due to their external resemblance to a spider, they are also called. In general, whatever you want to call it, the main thing is that these cards really help you remember words and use them in active speech. Below are several examples of such indispensable “memory cards”.

Phrasal verb put aside #2

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt əˈsaɪd] / [put es`aid] – put off, release

Meaning To save something for later use

Use:

Typically the word is used for money or time.
For example: They put aside money for an apartment long time You will have to set aside ( put aside ) an hour a day for exercise.
Examples

:

I try to put aside some time for reading every evening. I free up some time to read every evening.

I put aside some money from each salary - that's how I was able to afford a motorcycle. I saved a little money from every salary - that's how I was able to afford a motorcycle.

Closing positions

There are three options for closing positions in an option trade - exercise, reverse (offset) trade, or expiration without exercise.

Call option buyer:

• will exercise the option if the asset price increases
• will sell the option, i.e. will close the purchase with a counter-sale if the premium on the current transaction is higher than that paid upon purchase
• If the buyer allows the option to expire without being exercised, he will lose money equal to the premium paid.

Seller Call also has three options:

• close the deal with a repurchase if the premium received on the sale is higher than the premium on the current purchase;
• execution by the buyer, the seller is obliged to deliver the underlying asset at the exercise price;
• expiration without execution results in a profit in the amount of the premium received.

Phrasal verb put away

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt əˈweɪ] / [put eu`ey] – put aside, put away

Meaning of the word:

Putting something back because you have finished using the item

Use:

Let’s clarify after the word what exactly we are postponing! For example: She put aside ( put away ) the unknitted scarf and went to open the door. Please put away your work and listen to me .

Examples

:

He put away his tools to make room for lunch. He put his tools away to make room for lunch.

I told the children to put away their toys and start doing their homework. I told the kids to put away their toys and sit down to do their homework.

Note No. 1: with protection against coronavirus

In the best traditions of marketing, some notes, among other things, have some kind of superpower. This one, for example, protects you from coronavirus. We still don’t understand whether it can be worn instead of a mask, but they promise a return of as much as 15% per year in US dollars, which, you see, looks very attractive even against the backdrop of the average growth rate of the American stock market (S&P500 index. 7 - 8% per year ); what can we say about high-yield, “junk” bonds of American companies (5 – 6%), investment-quality bonds (2 – 2.5%) and US government debt (0.12 – 1.37%). Product life is 5 years. The security is not traded on the stock exchange and early repayment is carried out “by agreement of the parties.” Observation period – 3 months.

The composition includes shares of 5 companies:

• American Internet provider Arista Networks (NYSE: ANET);
• Australian software developer Atlassian (NASDAQ: TEAM);
• the global restaurant chain Domino's Pizza (NYSE: DPZ) - by the way, there is also a location in Moscow;
• American biotechnology company Gilead Sciences (NASDAQ: GILD);
• Palo Alto Networks (NYSE: PANW), operating in 39 countries (including Russia) in the field of cyber security.

All companies must be large and known to the general public. Otherwise, it will be difficult to convince a potential client of the reliability of the investment product. Although often the situation is exactly the opposite: behind a loud brand there are many financial problems hidden.

Possible scenarios:

• As of the day of the next observation, all shares
  are simultaneously trading above their prices on the note's effective date. The paper is redeemed, you receive the face value and all coupons due to you up to this date.
• After 5 years: all securities
  above 70% of their initial prices (that is, have not fallen by more than 30%) - par value and all coupons are paid;
  only one security
  fell below 30% - only the face value is paid;
  two or more securities
  fell below 30% - you receive the remainder based on the price of the most “sagging” stock.

It is important to understand that no one actually buys these shares themselves. At the broker or bank responsible for execution

, there is a special division of traders who, during the entire validity period of the note, will implement a rather mathematically complex and risky trading strategy - for example, periodically selling uncovered
put
. Coupons will be paid to you from the premium received as a result of such sales.

It is not possible to evaluate the option strategy itself, if only because it is not known to us. But if you know the basics of probability theory, programming and financial analysis, preliminary analysis of the broker’s offer will not be difficult. Although the calculations can be cumbersome, especially in the case of notes for which, subject to certain conditions, the coupon is accrued daily (the “range accrual” option).

The idea is to determine the probability of the desired events occurring. First separately - then as a whole. To do this, we need to take the historical quotes of each stock and calculate the result of its purchase on the first day known to us after 3 months and 5 years, respectively. Repeat this cycle as many times as possible.

It is worth mentioning that this method of analysis is “not entirely life-like”, because in fact no one will buy the same note every day for 20 years or at least its life cycle (3 – 5 years): and you don’t have such notes you find it, and there won’t be enough money. But, unfortunately, there is no other assessment method.

This is what we got.

There is not enough data.

And a problem immediately arises - we cannot carry out calculations for Atlassian shares, since they have been circulating on the stock exchange for less than 5 years. This means that the probability of successful repayment of the entire note cannot be calculated.

If you count without TEAM shares.

The probability of early repayment will be 47%. This means that in approximately half of the cases you will have to hold the note for the entire 5 years, and early termination can lead to significant losses. However, surprisingly, after 5 years with a 99% probability you will get your money and all the coupons back. Although we would not hope for all this, taking into account the fact that one share could not be calculated at all, and the other two were calculated even without taking into account the crisis of 2008.

Note that these calculations are valid provided that there is no correlation between the market value of these securities. In practice, this is not the case and the probability of success should be slightly higher.

Moreover, if all assets are highly correlated with each other, the result will be either good or bad. If there is at least one asset with a negative correlation, we will always receive a loss.

This is where the calculations become too complex and, frankly, not very useful, given the fact that correlation is a variable value and changes from year to year.

What about reporting?

We did not conduct an in-depth analysis of the financial stability of these companies. However, even to a first approximation it is clear that, for example:

• Atlassian's current assets do not cover its short-term liabilities - you need to be careful;
• Domino's Pizza's debt obligations over the past 10 years have annually exceeded its assets by 2-3 times (which, however, does not prevent the shares of the restaurant chain from growing rapidly - but we decided not to give it more than the cost of pizza);
• it is possible that Palo Alto Networks is manipulating its reporting, and the probability of its bankruptcy according to the Olson model is more than 80%.

The financial stability of issuers is a much more significant indicator than correlation. You need to evaluate it first.

Phrasal verb put back

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt bæk] / [put back] – put in place, put back

Meaning of the word:

Put something back where it was before it was taken

Use:

Don't forget to specify what we are putting in. For example: He turned the box over in his hands and put it back ( put it back ). If you take something from a shelf, please put it back ( put it back ).

Examples:

I believe it's not yours. Please, put it back . It seems to me that this is not yours. Please put it back .

Can I take your pen, please? I'll put it back , I promise! Can I borrow your pen, please? I 'll put it in its place , I promise!

What are there

Today, there are two types of put options. The difference between them is due to the criterion that is the basis for such a division.

When we talk about the expiration date, a put option can be:

• European style - a transaction in which is concluded exclusively on the last day of the contract;
• American style - a transaction under which can be concluded during the entire duration of the contract.

When we talk about the type of underlying asset, a put option can be:

• currency;
• stock;
• commodity.

In this case, the option is named according to the specific underlying asset. In this capacity, we can talk about the national currency, company shares, goods that are traded on commodity exchanges. The most commonly used commodities are oil and gold.

Phrasal verb put ___ behind you

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt ___ bɪˈhaɪnd ju] / [put ___ bih`ind ju] – leave behind; forget; leave in the past

Meaning of the word:

Forget about some unpleasant experience and think about the future

Use:

“ You ” here changes depending on who we are talking about: he put it behind him, she put it behind her, etc. For example: John put bad memories behind him and focused on work . It's time for you to forget about everything that happened ( put all that happened behind you) and move on with your life .

Examples

:

Can we put this behind us and be friends again? Can we put this behind us and be friends again?

You should put it behind you now: what's done is done. You should leave it in the past : what's done is done.

How to buy an option for an individual - step-by-step instructions

Step 1. Registration on the broker's website

To become the owner of options, you need access to the derivatives market section of the Moscow Exchange. Individuals have access to trading only through brokers.

I recommend working with the following brokerage companies:

• Finam (promotion: Free Trade tariff, trading without commission forever)
• BCS Broker

These are the best brokers for trading on the Moscow Exchange, which provide services to more than half of all traders in Russia. They have the best conditions, the lowest commissions for trading, they have offices throughout Russia, and a large customer support service. Here you can buy foreign shares, follow the strategies of professionals, and so on.

Other brokers are less reliable and do not provide such professional support to their clients. Also, their commissions for trading turnover will be much higher. For example, a Sberbank broker charges 0.06% for trading turnover, which is 2 times higher than Finam! At the same time, the client does not receive any benefits by paying such a high commission.

There is no access to options trading in the Sberbank application.

When registering, you will need a scan of your passport, INN, and SNILS.

Step 2. Opening a brokerage account

To open a brokerage account in your personal account, click on the “Open a new agreement” link:

Select the type of brokerage account:

You can open a very profitable IIS account, which allows you to receive tax deductions from the replenishment amount. However, at the moment there is no option trading option available on it. You can read more in the articles:

• Tax deduction for IIS - instructions
• IIS - answers to questions
• What is better IIS or brokerage account

There is no access to options trading on IIS.

Step 3. Top up your account

You can top up your brokerage account in any convenient way. There are no commissions for this. The amount you put in will be on the account. For example, I recommend using a Tinkoff debit card for this, since all transfers in this case will be commission-free.

You can also come to the broker's office and top up in cash.

Step 4. Trading with options

As soon as funds appear in the account, you can submit orders. The broker will provide access to trading terminals.

For example, this is what the interface looks like when buying an option on Sberbank (SBER) through the Finam Trade application (broker Finam):

The option purchase step is usually 25 (2.5%): .., 95.00, 97.50, 100.00, 102.50, 105.00, …

How to deliver an asset under an option ahead of time? To do this, you need to call the broker and tell about it.

In addition to buying an option, you can sell it. In this case, the investor undertakes to exercise the option if the option is in the money.

Selling Put options below the current price is used as one of the ways to buy a stock at some fixed price lower, receiving a premium for it (about 1-3%).

Phrasal verb put down #1

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt daʊn] / [put d'aun] – put, lower

Meaning of the word:

Stop holding something and put it somewhere

Use:

Don't forget to clarify the subject. For example: He put down his pen and re-read what he had written. Can I put ( put down ) my bag on this chair?

Examples

:

This is the police! Put down the gun! It's the police! Put the gun down!

He put down the suitcase and started fumbling for keys in his pocket. He lowered his suitcase and began to fumble in his pocket for his keys.

Phrasal verb put down #2

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt daʊn] / [put d`aun] – write down

Meaning of the word:

Record any information on paper

Use:

Let’s clarify what exactly we are recording.
For example: If you are not sure that you will remember, then it is better to write it down ( put it down ). He wrote down ( put down ) her number, but forgot where.
Examples

:

Don't forget to put down the address! Don't forget to write down the address!

I don't remember his name, but I think I put it down somewhere. wrote it down somewhere .

Pros and cons of options

Pros:

• Insurance against strong market fluctuations.
• The opportunity to earn a lot of money with a small starting amount. If the price goes far in the direction we want, then we will earn a lot by paying only a premium.
• You can trade with small deposits and still earn good money. Option premiums are relatively small amounts.
• Lots of opportunities and strategies for investors. Usually, those who start using options then cannot understand how they managed without it before.
• The most popular tool for limiting your losses and managing your risks.

Minuses:

• They are the most complex financial instrument on the market. It will take some time to understand the intricacies.
• You will have to pay money for the option premium, which imposes costs.
• Little literature and information.
• Our market is not the most liquid. Plus, many financial instruments are missing.

Phrasal verb put off #1

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt ɒf] / [put of] – postpone, move

Meaning of the word:

Postpone or postpone something to a later date

Use:

If we want to clarify where exactly we moved something, then we need the word until . For example: We decided to postpone ( put off ) the wedding until ( until ) July. Can we put off ( put off ) this question until ( until ) tomorrow?

Examples

:

We can't put this off any longer! Let's get married! We can't put it off ! Let's get married!

The meeting was put off until Tuesday. The meeting was postponed until Tuesday.

Structured note with a guarantee of return of invested capital (100% Principal Protected Note)

• The note promises to return one hundred percent of the investor's investment when the note matures.
• The note also provides a certain percentage of participation in profits from the growth of the financial indices or shares on which it is based.

Here is an example of such a note:

• Repayment period – 5 years
• 100% protection of invested capital
• X% share in FTSE 100 growth

Let's assume this participation rate is 50%. What then happens? An investor could invest directly in the FTSE 100 index. But the index can go down as well as up, and if it goes down, the investor will lose the same percentage of their investment as the index went down. If the index grows, the investor will acquire the same percentage of the invested funds as the index has increased. But if an investor buys a note, then he knows that when the note matures (but only at this moment!), in the worst case, he will receive back the invested money, and in the best, he will also receive half of the growth, in this case, the growth of the index FTSE 100.

This note is five years old, but at the same time it is liquid (you can sell it in three days). This means the question arises: how much will such a note cost in the event of an early sale? The selling price of a note depends on two factors: the growth element and the investment protection element. For example, if an investor wants to sell a five-year note in a year, there are still four years left before the buyer can receive the note's face value. Obviously, there must be a discount, and it depends on the bank rate at the time of sale. The higher the bank rates, the greater the discount. Moreover, the bank rate is a reality that can be easily calculated, and the element of growth is the unknown. On the other hand, if an investor wants to sell a note a month before maturity, then the bank rate does not matter, but the rate, in this example, the FTSE 100 index rate, is very important, because it is already possible to predict what income the investor will receive at the moment note redemption.

To provide the growth element, the issuer of the note purchases an option, in this case a five-year option. Even if the instrument on which the note is based (in this case, the FTSE 100 index) has risen strongly this year, there are still four years left in which the index may well fall.

This suggests a conclusion: even though the note is liquid, it is necessary to purchase a note where the investor is willing to wait until maturity (or almost until maturity). So, the investor has a risk: a) it would be a shame to receive in five years the same amount that he invested today, b) there is a risk of bankruptcy of the bank that issued the note, but the risk is limited to this.

Phrasal verb put off #2

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt ɒf] / [put of] – to disgust, repel, scare away

Meaning of the word:

To arouse dislike or distrust of someone or something

Use:

We use it when a certain action or quality of an object makes us dislike it. For example : Tom's unsociable personality usually puts people off At first, the appearance of the hotel somewhat scared me off ( put me off ), but inside it turned out to be very cozy.

Examples

:

I admit I was first put off by Daniella's rather rude manners, but she turned out to be a kind woman. I must admit that Danielle's rude manners scared

Don't be put off by the way it looks, this is actually a delicious cake! Don't let its appearance put you off , it's actually a delicious pie!

PUT ABOUT

An ambiguous phrasal verb conveying meanings far from the original:

• spread, make widely known (synonym: SPREAD ) She always puts about gossips. – She constantly spreads gossip.
• put into circulation = lips. PUT FORTH
• change direction; turn
• disturb, worry; angry = PUT OUT (synonyms: TROUBLE , DISTURB , UPSET ) She was really put about (put out) by his dismission. “She was really concerned about his dismissal.

Phrasal verb put on

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt ɒn] / [put he] – put on

Meaning of the word:

Wearing any item of clothing

Use:

It's only about what we put on ourselves! For example: He shouldn't have put on that sweater for his passport photo. She put on the necklace he gave her .

Examples

:

What, are you joking?! I won't put this on ! Are you joking? I won't wear !

Sam put on his best suit for the dinner party. Sam put on his best suit for the dinner party.

Profitability

When investing, an investor always knows the results of his investment. They are written in the scripts. All that remains unknown is the exact amount and what exact scenario will be implemented. The result depends on the behavior of the underlying asset, and it is impossible to predict.

For example, consider a structured product on Gazprom shares. It may include the following scenarios:

1. If securities grow by 20% or more over the year, the investor's income will be 15%.
2. If assets grow by less than 20%, the investor's income will be 5% per annum.
3. If the price of securities decreases or remains unchanged, the investor will return the invested amount.

Thus, a structured note limits potential risks, but also reduces possible returns.

Under a certain set of circumstances specified in the contract, the investor is paid a coupon. This is a known return expressed as a percentage. The contract also specifies the dates of observations. They provide parameters for coupon payment and termination of work with payment of the invested amount and income. Observations can be quarterly, semi-annual or annual. Most structural notes provide for quarterly observation periods.

Separately, the issuer's commission should be considered. The commission is usually included in the price of the product. As a rule, it is a few percent of the initial investment amount and is taken into account in the declared possible return. Some companies, in addition, oblige the investor to pay a small fee when signing the contract. This must be taken into account when making an investment decision.

Dividends are usually not paid here either. The share price is tracked excluding dividend payments.

Phrasal verb put out

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt aʊt] / [put `out] – stew

Meaning of the word:

Put out a fire, make something go out

Use:

We can talk about both fire and a burning thing. For example: Firefighters took to put out a house. n't forget to put out the candles when you go to bed.

Examples

:

He put out his cigarette and headed back to the office. He put out his cigarette and headed back to the office.

We should put out the campfire before leaving. We should put out the fire before we leave.

In what case are they beneficial?

A put option is beneficial for its holder in a situation where market quotes of the underlying asset are lower than the strike price. In this case, he will sell the asset and remain with a profit. Naturally, the seller is satisfied with the opposite situation.

The acquisition of such options acts as a kind of insurance against a decrease in the market price. In a situation where quotes do not change or, on the contrary, losses grow, they will be equal only to the value of the concluded contract.

Phrasal verb put ___ through ___

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt ___ θruː ___ ] / [put ___ thр`у ___] – take someone through something

Meaning of the word:

Making someone experience something unpleasant or difficult

Use:

Here we will have to clarify two things at once: firstly, the one whom we force to go through something; secondly, what he is actually going through. For example: John put his wife through a of they still love each other. The to start a new life put me through many trials .

Examples

:

Sorry, I didn't want to put you through all this mess, but I had no choice. Sorry, I didn't want to put you through this whole nightmare, but I had no choice.

He put his family through a lot. He put through a lot .

Phrasal verb put ___ to ___

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt ___ tuː ___] / [put ___ tu ___] – offer, introduce

Meaning of the word:

Present a proposal to a person or authority who can accept or reject it

Use:

Don’t forget to clarify what we offer (even if it’s just “it”!) and to whom. For example: I will put it to others and see what they say. Our team is going to put the project to the director tomorrow.

Examples

:

We will put your proposal to the committee. We will present your proposal to the committee.

I tried to put this idea to the investors but they were unimpressed. I tried to pitch the idea to investors, but they weren't impressed.

PUT FORWARD

Often replaces the verbs to SUGGEST , to PROPOSE, to BRING FORWARD in the meaning of “offer”, as well as to NOMINATE in the meaning of “put forward”:

My colleague put forward a great plan for best sales. – My colleague suggested an excellent plan for better sales. The party put forward a new candidate. – The party nominated a new candidate.

Still taking great effect from the adverb “forward” can be used as “to move forward”:

The boss put the meeting forward to hours. – The boss moved the meeting forward 2 hours.

Phrasal verb put together

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt təˈgɛðə] / [put tug`ete] – assemble, cut, glue

Meaning of the word:

Make or prepare by putting parts together

Use:

We can talk about both completely material things (construction set, furniture) and products of human thought (plan, essay, presentation). For example: We must put together at least some plan for further action ! Scientists have managed to put together a complete dinosaur skeleton from bones found last year.

Examples

:

I put together a draft version of my essay and sent it to the professor. I put together a draft of the essay and sent it to the professor.

How long does it take to put together this puzzle? How long will it take to put this puzzle together?

Options parameters

What does the name of any option look like on the Moscow Exchange:

C

P

K

M

Y

W

Where:

• C — code of the underlying asset (an abbreviated ticker of two symbols);
• P — strike price (the field can be of different lengths);
• K—calculation type (A—premium payment, B—margined);
• M — simultaneously determines the month of execution and the type of PUT/CALL option;
• Y—year of execution;
• W — weekly option sign;

For example: SB19500BM9.

Below we will look at each field and provide the full specification.

Phrasal verb put up with

Transcription and translation:

[pʊt ʌp wɪð] / [put an у`иth] – come to terms with

Meaning of the word:

Accept something annoying or unpleasant without complaining

Use:

Don’t forget to clarify what we are putting up with. For example: My colleague cannot put up with ( put up with ) disorder in the workplace. She put up with his bad habits time

Examples

:

I'm not gonna put up with his excuses any longer! to put up with anymore !

You don't have to put up with your neighbors' behavior! Call the police! You shouldn't put up with your neighbors' behavior! Call the police!

That's all! I hope this article helped you understand the most common phrasal verbs with put. To test your knowledge, let's do a consolidation task.

Verb or non-verb - that is the question

The English language is replete with very unusual verbs, which are like chameleons: they change their meaning depending on their environment, or rather, depending on the companion preposition. Have you guessed what I mean? Yes! About phrasal verbs. English compound verbs or phrasal verbs are phrases rather than single verbs, used in combination with prepositions, with adverbs, or both prepositions and adverbs. They are one member of a sentence, and, very importantly, their meaning cannot be understood separately, in parts. The meaning of a phrasal verb is the same. If you replace the preposition, then it will be a different verb, and accordingly, a different meaning. Be careful with them. The best way to remember a phrasal verb is to create a mind map, intelligence map, or “spider”. After reading this article, you will definitely learn how to do this.

Reinforcement task

Fill in the correct word in the blank. Leave your answers in the comments below the article.

1. I ___ this motorcycle from what I found in the garage. 2. You need ___ a little time to rehearse your speech. 3. Frank ___ all the failures and started a new life. 4. He was tired of digging and ___ shovel to take a short break. 5. I ___ everything the professor said. 6. We had to ___ bad weather and postpone our walk. 7. The young man in the red shirt ____ his phone while I give a lecture. 8. I ___ the price of this phone. 9. You can't ___ striped trousers with a plaid shirt. 10. Heavy rain soon ___ fire. 11. She washed the mug and ___ it back into the cupboard. 12. Your stupid ideas ___ through a lot of trouble! 13. For the sake of the common cause, I am ready to ___ my dislike for John and work with him. 14. Can we ___ this proposal to the board of directors? 15. Let's ___ this decision by Wednesday.

Description of companies

CISCO American multinational company that develops and sells network equipment. One of the largest high technology companies in the world. Capitalization more than 210 billion dollars. USA.

Bayer AG German chemical and pharmaceutical company founded in 1863. One of the largest in the world. The number of employees of all companies is more than 100 thousand people. Capitalization more than 80 billion US dollars.

FORD MOTOR CO. American automobile manufacturer, the fourth largest in the world in terms of production. Capitalization more than 45 billion dollars.

SOCIETE GENERAL One of the largest financial groups in Europe. Headquarters in Paris. Founded in 1864. Capitalization – more than 25 billion US dollars.

FACEBOOK The world's largest company that owns the social network Facebook (one of the five most visited sites in the world). Capitalization over $500 billion, one of the top 10 largest companies in the world.