An investment project is a multi-page document that includes descriptive and calculation parts. You should begin working on any investment concept by defining its goal. After this, it is necessary to assess the available opportunities and specify the program of action. Creating a competent investment project is a rather difficult task. To make your work easier, you can download a ready-made investment project with approximate calculations for free.
Choose an investment option that suits your age
Age has an impact on investment strategy. The younger you are, the more justified the risk. You have more time to recover from market downturns, crises and mistakes.
When an investor is 20 years old, he can allocate most of his money to aggressive investments. The kind that are focused on growth and small cap companies.
If an investor is nearing retirement, he or she will build a portfolio of less aggressive options and look at stable income and large-cap companies.
Determine your current financial situation
Be aware of exactly what income you have. Determine how much money you can allocate for investment. Look at your budget, subtract your monthly expenses and set the amount you have available to invest. Be sure to create an emergency fund (a reserve of money that covers 3-6 months of expenses).
Typical templates
In this section you will find typical project samples for the most popular niches:
- Coffee shops;
- Cafe-pizzerias;
- Beauty salon;
- Flower shop;
- Grocery store;
- Sushi bar.
You can download samples from the links below.
Here you can download a template of calculation tables for drawing up a financial plan for a project.
coffee house
The main success factor for opening a coffee shop is competent marketing analysis and choosing a good, walkable place to rent. Gaining the trust of regular customers will contribute to the prosperity of the company. When drawing up a business plan, the main thing is to wisely choose a pricing policy, target audience, and niche position. The main potential clients are coffee lovers, connoisseurs of coffee aromas and a cozy atmosphere.
Before planning, conduct a preliminary analysis:
- how many similar establishments of the chosen format are in your city;
- what are the strengths and weaknesses of competitors;
- how far are competing coffee shops from your location. The 2GIS service and the project preparation program from SME Business Navigator will help you carry out such an analysis.
Coffee shop business plan.
Here are the key points of the presented project:
- Location: St. Petersburg, Bogatyrsky project 3a
- Initial investment 3.8 million rubles
- Profitability: 13.4%
- Payback period: 2 years
- Assortment: hot and cold drinks, hot dishes, desserts.
- Room area 100 sq.m. (service area 50 sq.m.)
- Business concept: high markup on services
- The main focus is on creating a large number of regular guests.
- Internal rate of return 80%.
Beauty salon
This section presents a typical project for opening a beauty salon.
Main project parameters:
- Location: Tambov, Yuri Gagarina, 101.
- Initial investment 1.9 million rubles.
- Profitability: 27.2%.
- Payback period for investments: 19 months.
- Range: Cosmetic and hairdressing services, massage, hair removal, manicure and pedicure.
- Room area 100 sq.m. (service area 90 sq.m.).
- Concept: high turnover.
- The main bet is on high trafficability of the selected location.
- Internal rate of return 148%.
Download the project with calculations for a beauty salon here.
Flower shop
This section shows a typical flower shop project.
Main parameters of business planning:
- Location: Kaluga, Stepana Razin, 144
- Initial investment 387 thousand rubles.
- Profitability: 9.6%.
- Payback period of investments: 28 months.
- Assortment: Fresh flowers, ready-made bouquets and compositions, indoor plants.
- Room area 100 sq.m. (service area 90 sq.m.).
- Concept: high markup.
- The main bet is on sufficient trafficability of the selected location.
- Internal rate of return 57%.
Download a standard flower shop business plan
Sushi bar
Basic indicators:
- Location: Kaluga, Lenina, 30
- Initial investment 2 million rubles.
- Profitability: 10.2%.
- Investment payback period: 34 months.
- Assortment: Hot and cold Chinese dishes, sushi, rolls, drinks.
- Room area 100 sq.m. (service area 55 sq.m.).
- Concept: high markup.
- The main focus is on high quality cuisine and service.
- Internal rate of return 47%.
Here you can design for a sushi bar
Grocery store
Basic project profitability indicators:
- Location: Tver, Petersburg highway, 10 k1.
- Initial investment 1.8 million rubles.
- Profitability: 10.9%.
- Payback period of investments: 23 months.
- Assortment: Bakery, sausages, dairy products, cereals, etc.
- Room area 75 sq.m. (service area 50 sq.m.).
- Concept: high turnover.
- The main bet is on low prices.
- Internal rate of return 85%.
calculation for a grocery store
Set your personal risk threshold
A risk threshold is a rule that determines how much risk an investor is willing to take on. Even when young, a person may not be willing to take many risks. He will choose investments that correspond to his "boiling point".
Stocks are more volatile than bonds and savings and bank accounts.
Risk and potential benefit influence each other. The greater the risk, the greater the possible profit. Investors get better results for making good but “dangerous” decisions. It is important to intelligently evaluate a company's fundamentals before purchasing its shares.
We wrote about how to choose the right stocks here.
Part 2
Business concept
The most appropriate work schedule would be seven days a week. Taking into account the needs and production technology, an individual work schedule will be established for employees.
For example, essential production workers (bakers) are offered a 2/2 schedule on the night shift from 11 pm to 9 am. Sales representatives will work from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m., but immediately after the startup is launched, the business owner can take over the functions of finding clients and delivering. In the production of bakery products, seasonality plays almost no role.
There is likely to be a slight decrease in sales during the hot season, but during this period the drop in demand can be corrected with the help of additional wholesale buyers.
At first, with small production volumes, product promotion will be carried out by the bakery owner and sales representative. In the future, as demand and volumes grow, you can make your own website or outdoor advertising.
A temporarily hired professional technologist will help you set up production and correct recipes at first. In the future, when expanding production volumes and increasing the range of products, he can be invited again. The area of the premises for a mini-bakery cannot be less than 60 m2, because a full-cycle enterprise requires the placement of additional equipment. On the other hand, the use of semi-finished products will reduce the costs of the initial launch of the project, since the area can be reduced to 20 m2.
When choosing a room, you should pay attention to communications. In particular, the power of the electrical networks must be agreed upon with the technologist.
Set Goals
The idea of goal setting is to hold and manage assets in a long-term strategy, with a clear understanding of why you need it. Regardless of aspiration, any investor will need a diversified portfolio. What do you want to do with the money you get from investing? Retire early? Buy a nice house? Travel trailer? Give an answer to this question.
If the goal is aggressive, you need to replenish and increase capital more often, rather than resort to risky options. This way, most likely, you will achieve the desired result, and not lose money on one of the unsuccessful decisions.
Investment plan structure
When thinking about where to invest your investment plan money, it is worth understanding the main structural components of this document. Although it is difficult to call it a document in the traditional sense of the word, in essence, it is a well-designed, sometimes even in tabular form, plan indicating how much and where to invest in order to make a profit.
Often they choose trust management of an investment plan, since specialists literally draw up a plan in just a couple of days, taking into account current indicators and goals, select effective tools, and calculate risks. Among the basic components are:
- The total amount of investment (if you are ready to increase it over time, it is also worth writing this down).
- Investment terms for each instrument and in total.
- Main directions with some risk.
- Specific financial goals.
I suggest you get to know each of them better.
Amount of investment
You cannot invest the latter, and experts still recommend working with a maximum of 1/5 of your total income. The feeling of greed has never saved anyone, so I think that we need to approach it from the position of “receiving”, and not just “investing”. Start with small amounts, understand the principle, get to know each tool in more detail and increase what you purchase over time. My advice is also that you need to invest what you have already earned, and leave the body itself untouched.
Investment terms
When choosing where to invest your investment plan money, pay attention not only to the financial conditions, but also to how long a particular instrument works. It is always right to invest in projects that work for a week, a month or more, half a year, a year, then the profit accordingly comes regularly and evenly.
The overall time indicator is calculated in advance, taking into account how much you need to get, how much starting capital you have, how many working tools and how long each of them works.
Risk level
Everyone chooses this indicator for themselves, but, as a rule, one plan combines both conservative methods (deposits, mutual funds) with small percentage indicators, and solid ones - high-yield HYIPs, lotteries, arbitrage exchange trading on large sums. This indicator is purely individual: honestly answer yourself the question: how much risk are you willing to take.
Choose a time frame for your goals
In what time frame do you want to achieve your financial goals? This question will help you choose the type of investment.
• If you are interested in getting a good and quick return on investment, and are also willing to take risks, then choose aggressive options. But do not forget that they are associated with the opportunity not only to earn a lot, but also to lose a lot.
• If you want to achieve your goals gradually and steadily, choose safe investments that provide a small but almost always guaranteed profit. Bank deposits, federal loan bonds and shares of large companies with dividend yield.
What is an investment plan?
I would like to immediately draw your attention, dear readers, that there is no one complete concept that would describe this term 100%. Since it is quite global and affects everyone and changes under the influence of various factors, it is customary to talk about 3 main directions in its explanation:
- personal investment plan as a global strategy for financial development;
- business plan with a specific direction;
- preliminary planning of investments and profits on them.
I constantly clarify that investment management is not only necessary, it is essential for investors with different portfolios. It’s hard to imagine that you invest money and then stop working with it altogether, forgetting in which projects it is concentrated and what profit it brings. Money loves an account, but at the same time, such an investment plan, although similar to a business direction, has several fundamental differences.
Difference from a business plan
Considering the basic differences, I note the following:
- a business plan, as a rule, is formed for a year, an investment plan - for different periods, up to a month;
- partial adjustments can be made to business, but it is possible to make investment adjustments, but it is not recommended;
- According to the investment plan, there is no consultation or development of recommendations on expenses and income.
When choosing trust management of an investment plan, experts will help you understand where it is better to invest and for what period, what proportions of risk in projects and form a strategy that regularly brings profit.
Determine Liquidity
Liquid is an asset that can be easily sold at a price close to the market price. This means that the investor has the opportunity to quickly get money in hand if the need arises.
• Stocks, bonds and ETF investments are highly liquid. They can be sold quickly.
• Real estate and fixed term bank deposits are less liquid. Converting them into cash takes time.
Part 3
Competitive Analysis
The mini-bakery will compete with the following main competitors:
- Bakeries and bakeries. Due to the wide range, large number of products and, in general, consumer trust in them, the demand for the bakery products they produce is quite large.
- Stores with their own bakeries, such as hypermarkets. Although their production volume is relatively small, their products are sold under the influence of immediate demand (spontaneous purchases) and are able to satisfy the needs of residents of nearby areas.
The competing enterprises listed above are able to flexibly adapt to market requirements and demand, changing the range, pricing, and production volumes. They use high-quality raw materials, strictly adhere to production technology and sanitary standards. On the other hand, the formulations used allow the use of additives that improve the taste and appearance of the products. Some of them can increase the price of products.
The problem for a new mini-bakery is finding markets, since not all stores will agree to purchase unfamiliar products.
A private bakery has a number of advantages over its competitors, in particular:
- high quality of raw materials and, consequently, products;
- original recipes and production technologies;
- the ability to sell products “straight from the oven”;
- attractive taste and appearance of bread;
- the ability to flexibly change the assortment with the introduction of new products.
The potential market for the bakery is small retail outlets and private buyers. A promising direction for business development is opening your own bakery shop, which will serve as an additional source of profit after developing the above-mentioned sales market.
SWOT analysis
Advantages:
- high quality products;
- flexible and large range;
- convenient location of the bakery;
- the ability to quickly adapt to market requirements.
Weak sides:
- an “unpromoted” brand and associated low demand;
- lack of discounts or benefits from suppliers due to low production volumes and unestablished supply channels.
Prospects:
- an increase in demand due to the occupancy of nearby houses and the attraction of other residents;
- expansion of the production area for the installation of new equipment, provision of additional services, for example, a tasting room.
External risks:
- The risk of a large number of inspections by authorized bodies, resulting in fines and the threat of closure;
- Rising prices for raw materials and other resources.
The following points must be taken into account before starting the project:
- Expansion of the range. The increase in the number of positions occurs taking into account customer preferences, for which it is necessary to study the wishes of a certain circle of customers, primarily wholesalers.
- Development of our own recipes for making bakery products. To follow the stated concept, you must follow your own technology using natural ingredients.
- Distribution of products through a network of dealers , own stores and stalls. Another option is cooperation with recently opened retail outlets with similar problems.
- Preparations for the launch of the project should be accompanied by a search for buyers who are ready to purchase products immediately after the opening of the bakery.
Explore your options
There are many approaches to creating a plan. Explore all the options to choose the one that best suits your personal goals, income and risk tolerance.
Explore financial options with long and short term horizons. Stocks, bonds, mutual funds, ETFs, bank deposits, currencies, precious metals, real estate. Understanding the features of these instruments is essential to every investor's strategy.
Remember that the portfolio must be diversified. You cannot refuse stocks or bonds, but you cannot completely purchase only one type of asset either.
If you cannot cope with high risk, then create a portfolio of 15% of high-yield, but risky assets (stocks) and 85% of stable, but less profitable options (bonds, deposits).
Organizational and legal features of the bakery
- Organizational and legal form . It is advisable to register an individual entrepreneur or LLC with OKVED codes 15.81, 15.82 (for production), as well as 52.24 and 55.30 (for retail trade and organizing mini-cafes).
- Taxation . For a mini-bakery, you can choose a simplified taxation system (“Income” with a tax rate of 6% or “Income minus expenses” with a rate of 6 to 15%) or a single tax on imputed income.
- Checking account. To work via bank transfer, you can choose any bank after first comparing the tariffs and benefits of the service.
- Normative base. Before starting work, it is necessary to study for subsequent use such documents as sanitary and fire safety standards, GOSTs, civil and tax codes and other regional federal laws related to the activities of the organization.
- Equipment. It must be certified in Russia.
- License and certification. A license is not required to operate a mini-bakery. To manufacture bakery products at certification centers, it is necessary to obtain a declaration of conformity with the requirements of TR CU 021/2011 for a period of five years.
- Third-party company services. It will be necessary to conclude agreements with organizations engaged in disinfestation, disinfection and deratization, solid waste disposal, cleaning and laundry services.
- Production control. Before the start of production, a production control program must be signed, which prescribes sanitary rules and technology control.
- Hygiene. Among the requirements of the regulatory authorities are the availability of logs for recording disinfectants and cleaning, and regular medical examinations for employees with the issuance of medical records.
Create an investment strategy
Decide how you want to diversify (spread your investments). You can't “keep all your eggs in one basket,” as the American proverb warns against taking unnecessary risks. For example, each month you could put 30% of your investment capital into stocks, 30% into bonds, and the remaining 40% into a savings account. Adjust these proportions according to your goals and risk appetite.
Summary
A mini-bakery is an enterprise engaged in baking bakery products for the purpose of their further retail sale.
The concept of a private bakery is baking bread according to unique recipes, creating attractive conditions in the bakery premises so that visitors can eat in a cozy atmosphere.
The target audience is residents of nearby houses, supporters of a healthy diet, who prefer natural products without artificial additives.
The main competitive advantage is its convenient location, allowing it to cover two residential areas. This population is about 30 thousand people.
The mini-bakery’s assortment includes three main types of products: standard products, exclusive bread and pies. Each direction includes 3 titles. This assortment allows, on the one hand, to satisfy the demand of the specified target audience, on the other hand, to reduce the quantity and cost of the required equipment.
The fundamental issue when opening a mini-bakery is production technology. You can choose from the following options:
- Full cycle production.
- A mini-bakery that produces baked goods from semi-finished products.
- Franchise bakery. The advantage of this choice is the opportunity to work using a unique patented technology for manufacturing products.
For an entrepreneur, the first option is the most interesting, because it allows you to optimize and further expand production.
Currently, more than 60% of bakery products are produced by factories and large bakeries. About 20% of production comes from small private bakeries. In third place with a share of 13% are large supermarkets with their own production of bakery products for retail sale.
Evaluate your progress
Monitor your investments quarterly or semi-annually to ensure they are meeting expectations and moving you closer to your goals. If this is not the case, re-evaluate the portfolio and allocate investments in a different proportion.
There may be a situation where you do not put enough money from each salary into investments. On the other hand, you may find yourself ahead of schedule and moving too much money into assets. Both options are dangerous in their own way, so balance around the golden mean.
The main thing is the idea!
Unprofessional investors often do not even read the following paragraphs after describing the idea. They either like the idea or solution you propose or they don't. And no amount of financial calculations will be able to convince him. Therefore, it is important that a person believes in this idea, which means the first point: “It needs to be sold.” And you need to sell an idea with an understanding of the market. Let's take an example with lenses. If you simply present the idea: “We came up with a brilliant idea: selling lenses through vending machines,” there is a high probability of skepticism. Therefore, it needs to be presented a little differently.
- 1. The lens market is growing by 20% annually.
- 2. Main points of sale: optical stores and the Internet.
- 3. People are accustomed to using coffee machines, payment terminals, and ATMs.
- 4. Lenses are an essential commodity, so the round-the-clock opportunity to purchase lenses in any residential area will be in demand.
The most important thing is that the idea is supported:
- Real need for a product or service;
- Analyzing the shortcomings of solutions to this need now;
- Examples of successful similar solutions or approaches to solutions;
- An assessment of the prospects for either a growing market or the reasons why the existing shares will be redistributed.
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